Venera, any of a series of unmanned soviet planetary probes that were sent to venus Radio contact was lost with the first probe, venera 1 (launched feb 12, 1961), before it flew by venus. While nasa set their sights on the moon and outer planets, the soviets spent some 30 years investigating the hellish inner planet venus. From 1961 to 1984 the soviet union carried out a program of exploration of venus using venera spacecraft In 1967 venera 4 entered the atmosphere and obtained direct measures of temperature and pressure (avduevskii, v.s., et al.).
The venera series of satellites were launched by the soviet union to study venus and its environment Ten probes successfully landed on venus and transmitted data from the surface.
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